Working Memory/WER-king MEM-uh-ree/
The mental workspace that holds and manipulates information for short periods (seconds to minutes) to guide actions.
Andy says:
It’s like juggling mental Post‑its. Too many or too long—and some fall.
Detailed Explanation
Working memory supports:
- Following multi‑step directions
- Mental math and problem‑solving
- Reading comprehension and note‑holding
- Task switching and keeping goals in mind
Limits vary by person and context (fatigue, stress). Supports reduce load or externalize steps.
Community Context
Common challenge in ADHD, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia. Environmental scaffolds help more than “try harder.”
Quick Tips
- One thing at a time on screen/desk; break directions into steps
- Write steps down; use checklists and timers
- Repeat back key points; use visual anchors
Do / Don't
- Do: externalize plans; chunk tasks; provide reference sheets
- Do: allow note-taking and visuals during explanations
- Don't: deliver long verbal instructions without supports
Scientific Context
Models include phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive. Training generalization is limited; real-world scaffolds are more effective.
Language Notes
Closely tied to executive function and processing speed; not the same as long-term memory.
Related Terms
Executive Dysfunction
Difficulties with a set of mental skills that include working memory, flexible thinking, and self-control.
Time Blindness
Time blindness is the difficulty sensing how much time has passed or accurately estimating how long tasks will take, making it hard to manage schedules and deadlines.
Dyscalculia
A learning difference that affects the ability to understand numbers, perform calculations, and comprehend mathematical concepts, sometimes called "math dyslexia."
Dysgraphia
A learning difference affecting handwriting, spelling in writing, and organizing thoughts on paper.
Chunking
Breaking information or tasks into smaller, meaningful units to make them easier to process and complete.
Visual Schedules
External, visual plans (lists, cards, timelines) that show what’s happening and in what order, to reduce cognitive load and uncertainty.
Sources
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